Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (Chinese: 港珠澳大桥) is a bridge-tunnel project in China that connects Hong Kong, Guangdong Zhuhai and Macau, and is located in the Lingding Ocean area of ​​the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, China.

The longest sea-crossing bridge in the world. (as of 2020)

The construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge commenced on December 15, 2009; the main project was completed on July 7, 2017; the main project acceptance was completed on February 6, 2018; the operation was opened at 9 am on October 24 of the same year.
  
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge starts from the artificial island at the Hong Kong port near the Hong Kong International Airport in the east, crosses the Lingding Ocean waters of the South China Sea to the west and connects Zhuhai and Macau’s artificial island, and ends at the Zhuhai Hongwan interchange.
The total length of the bridge and tunnel is 55 kilometers, of which the bridge length is 41.6 kilometers, and the main bridge length has reached 29.6 kilometers.

The bridge deck is a two-way six-lane highway with a design speed of 100 km / h.
The total investment of the project is 126.9 billion yuan(US $18.8 billion).

From January 24 to 25, 2020, China’s famous Spring Festival Gala will set up a branch venue on the White Dolphin Island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge and will be broadcast by China Central Television.

HZMB-Bridge
HZMB-Bridge

Design Parameters

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has a total length of 55 kilometers, including a bridge project of 41.6 kilometers and a subsea tunnel of 6.7 kilometers. The tunnel is connected by two artificial islands in the east and west.

There are 224 piers and 7 pylons. Among them, there are 3 bridge towers in Jianghai direct shipping channel bridge, and 2 bridge towers in each of Qingzhou channel bridge and Jiuzhou channel bridge.

The width of the bridge is 33.1 meters, the length of the immersed tunnel is 5664 meters, the width is 28.5 meters, and the net height is 5.1 meters.
The maximum longitudinal slope of the bridge deck is 3%, the cross slope of the bridge deck is within 2.5%, and the cross slope of the tunnel pavement is within 1.5%.

The bridge deck is constructed according to the standard of a two-way six-lane expressway, with a design speed of 100 km / h. The vehicle load rating of the bridges and culverts on the entire line is highway-grade I, with a total pavement area of ​​700,000 square meters.
The navigation bridge and tunnel can meet the passage of 100,000 tons in the near future and 300,000 tons in the future.

Structural drawing of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Structural drawing of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Safety design

The bridge has a designed service life of 120 years and can withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake, a magnitude 16 typhoon, a 300,000 ton impact, and a 300-year flood in the Pearl River Estuary.

overall arrangement

The cost of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge reached 18.8 billion US dollars. Why is it so expensive?
Because its name sounds like a bridge, but it is actually a combination of more than 10 projects. Remove the land traffic engineering part. The main part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is composed of 8 major projects.

They are 3 navigation bridges, 1 subsea tunnel, 4 artificial islands and connecting bridges and tunnels, and continuous beam bridges with non-navigable holes in deep and shallow water.

The three navigation bridges are the Qingzhou channel bridge, the Jianghai direct channel bridge and the Jiuzhou channel bridge.
The Cross-Harbour Tunnel is located between Lantau Island and Qingzhou Channel Bridge in Hong Kong, and connects the other bridge sections through the East-West Artificial Island.
Continuous beam bridges with non-navigable holes in deep and shallow waters are located in the waters near Hong Kong and the waters near Zhuhai respectively.
The three ports and their artificial islands are located near the approach bridges at both ends, and connect the surrounding main roads with connecting lines.

The 8 projects are introduced below.

The main part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (except the land link line).
From west to east (from Macau to Hong Kong), they are:

1. Zhuhai Macao Port Artificial Island

Zhuhai Macao Port Artificial-Island
Zhuhai Macao Port Artificial-Island

The total area of ​​the Zhuhai Macao Port Artificial Island is about 2.17 million square meters, including 950 meters wide from east to west and 1930 meters long from north to south. It consists of the Zhuhai Port Management Area, the Macao Port Management Area and the Bridge Management Area.
It is the connection center between the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Zhuhai and Macao. It is a land port that can realize the customs clearance of passengers or vehicles in Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau.

Zhuhai Port Island adopts a white-toned oval overall design structure with a total construction area of ​​approximately 320,000 square meters.
Macau Port Island adopts a gray-toned rectangular design structure with a total construction area of ​​approximately 600,000 square meters.

Zhuhai-Macao Port Artificial Island looks like a science fiction movie scene
Zhuhai-Macao Port Artificial Island looks like a science fiction movie scene

2. Jiuzhou channel bridge

Jiuzhou channel bridge is a double-tower cable-stayed bridge with a total of 64 cables.
The spans are (85 + 150 + 298 + 150 + 85 = 768) meters. The tower is a central single-pillar steel tower with an elevation of 136.190 meters at the top of the tower.

Jiuzhou channel bridge
Jiuzhou channel bridge

The bridge is equipped with 2 navigation holes, with a clearance height of 24.5 meters, a clearance width of 173 meters, and a navigation tonnage of 5,000 tons.

3. Jianghai direct channel bridge

The Jianghai direct channel bridge is a three-tower cable-stayed bridge. The cable stays are arranged in a space fan shape and the steel-concrete composite structure tower.
The spans are (129 + 258 + 258 + 129 = 994) meters, with 3 main piers and 4 side auxiliary piers.
A total of 42 stay cables, the longest cable is about 135 meters long, and the largest cable weighs about 20 tons.
The middle tower is 106 meters high and weighs 2,800 tons.
The transitional pier is 18.8 meters high, the bottom of the pier is 4.5 meters thick and 12 meters wide.

Jianghai Direct boat channel bridge
Jianghai Direct boat channel bridge

The bridge is equipped with a navigation hole, a clear height of 40 meters, a clear width of 210 meters, and a navigable tonnage of 10,000 tons.

4. Qingzhou channel bridge

Qingzhou channel bridge is a double-tower cable-stayed bridge with the largest span (110 + 236 + 458 + 236 + 110 = 1150) meters.
The tower is 163 meters high and has 112 stay cables.
The upper and lower towers are respectively 135 meters and 45 meters high;

Qingzhou channel bridge
Qingzhou channel bridge

The bridge is equipped with a navigation hole, a clear height of 42 meters, a clear width of 318 meters, and a navigable tonnage of 10,000 tons.

5. West Artificial Island

The east side of the west artificial island is 2018 meters away from the center of the Lingding West Channel. It is also an oval island. The island is 625 meters long and 185 meters wide. The total area is 97962 square meters and the construction area is about 18,000 square meters.
The western artificial island is mainly based on management functions, with operation, maintenance and rescue stations.

West Artificial Island(Near Zhuhai-Macau)
West Artificial Island(Near Zhuhai-Macau)

The east and west artificial island buildings are equipped with a hat-shaped central tuyere to keep the tunnel air free. The artificial island is the connecting part between the water bridge and the underwater tunnel, and it is the key project of the whole line section.

6. underwater tunnel

The submarine tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is composed of 33 large immersed pipes and a joint of Helong section.
Each immersed tube is 180 meters long, 37.95 meters wide, 11.4 meters high, weighs about 74,000 tons, and has a maximum displacement of 80,000 tons.
The maximum sinking depth is 44 meters, and the navigable tonnage is 300,000 tons.

Undersea tunnel under construction
Undersea tunnel under construction
Tunnel construction
Tunnel construction

It is the world’s longest highway immersed tube tunnel and the only deep-buried immersed tube tunnel. (as of 2020)

7. East Artificial Island

The east side of the east artificial island is 1563 meters away from the center of the Tonggu waterway. It is laid out in an oval shape. The island is 625 meters long and 225 meters wide.
In addition to the maintenance and rescue functions, the East Artificial Island has a tourism service function, and builds a trail around the island for sightseeing.

East Artificial Island ( Near Hong Kong )
East Artificial Island ( Near Hong Kong )

In order to reduce the water blocking effect, the east and west islands are located outside the -10 meter isobath.

8. Hong Kong Port Artificial Island

The artificial island of Hong Kong Port has a reclamation area of ​​130 hectares. It is located on the northeast facing open water of the Hong Kong Airport. It is an artificial island with an area of ​​about 150 hectares. It is close to the Hong Kong International Airport and Tung Chung New Town.

Hong Kong Port Artificial Island
Hong Kong Port Artificial Island

The above 8 buildings are connected by non-navigable hole bridges

Non-navigable hole bridges

The continuous beam bridge of the non-navigable hole in the shallow water area of ​​the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge uses a single pier and double-width beams for each span of 85 meters; the continuous beam bridge of the non-navigable hole in the deep water area uses a single-pile whole beam for each span of 110 meters; the clear height is 20 meters and the width is 85 Meters, navigable tonnage is 500 tons.

Non-navigable hole bridge
Non-navigable hole bridge

Now you know the reason why the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a real Super Engineering.

Construction history

On December 15, 2009, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge officially started construction.
 
On December 7, 2011, the main structure of the artificial island was completed.
   
On May 7, 2013, the first immersed tube of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge docked the artificial island port underwater.

On January 19, 2014, the first span steel box girder of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was successfully erected;

On January 8, 2015, the main tower of the Qingzhou Waterway Bridge, the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, was successfully capped;
On November 22, the main body of the bridge section of Jiuzhou Channel was completed.

Construction of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Construction of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

On April 11, 2016, the Qingzhou Waterway Bridge was closed and opened;
On June 29, the main bridges of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge were completely closed;
On September 27, the main bridge project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was fully completed;

On March 7, 2017, the last section of the immersed pipe of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Subsea Tunnel was successfully installed;
On July 7, the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was completed;
On December 28, the deck pavement of the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was completed.

On February 6, 2018, the main project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was handed over for acceptance.
On October 23, the opening ceremony of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the ceremony and announced the official opening of the bridge.
On October 24, 2018, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge highway and various ports were officially opened to traffic.

Ticket fare

On August 26, 2018, the charging standards for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge were released: small passenger cars (private cars, taxis) 150 yuan / car trip, large passenger cars (transit bus) 200 yuan / car trip, shuttle bus 300 yuan / car trip, ordinary truck 60 yuan / car, 115 yuan / car for container trucks.

The above mentioned amounts are at least US $ 8 and at most US $ 42. the fee is settled in RMB.
Free for car on occasion Chinese holiday.

Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge
Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge

Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Data

Country
China
Location
Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province
Official name
港珠澳大桥
Cost
127 billion yuan (US$18.8 billion)
Status
In use
Design life
120 years
Official website
HZMB Official website
Began
Dec-15, 2009
Opening date
Oct-24, 2018
Total Duration
8 years
Length
55 km (34 mi)
Bridge section length
25.8 mi /41.6 km
Width
33.1 m (109 ft)
Design type
Hybrid cable-stayed, suspension bridge
Bridge type
Cross sea bridge
Crosses
Pearl River Estuary, Lingding Channel, Jiuzhou Channel.
Road scale
6 lanes

Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Location On Earth

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REVIEW OVERVIEW
Scale ( only within the industry of this building / engineering )
9.7
Technology ( only within the industry of this building / engineering )
9.8
Cost ( only within the industry of this building / engineering )
9.8
Era-2009 ( The earlier the era, the higher the score,respect the older generation of engineering )
6.5

1 COMMENT

  1. […] A Google Lens search of the image revealed that the bridge is the Nansha Bridge located in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China and not in Calabar Municipality and Odukpani LGA in Cross River State. The Spaghetti Highway Bridge connects the Nansha District of Guangzhou City and Shatian Town of Dongguan City in China. The bridge is located on the Pearl River Shiziyang.  It was formerly known as Humen Second Bridge. It is another super bridge in the Pearl River Delta of China after the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge. […]

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